His work before Zcash includes:
- DigiCash: He worked with David Chaum on this early digital cash system in 1996.
- Zooko’s triangle: A 2001 model that relates three desirable properties of network identifiers.
- BLAKE2 and BLAKE3: Hash functions he helped design. A hash function turns data into a fixed-length fingerprint.
How Did Zcash Start?
In 2013, a group of scientists set out to fix Bitcoin‘s lack of privacy. Their first design, Zerocoin, was a proposed Bitcoin extension. They later built a standalone protocol instead. ECC formed in 2015 with Wilcox as CEO, and Zcash launched in October 2016.
How Zcash Privacy Works
Zcash uses zk-SNARKs, a type of zero-knowledge proof. The proof lets the network confirm a transaction is valid without seeing its details. Privacy is opt-in: users who choose shielded addresses hide their financial information.
The tokenomics are simple. Supply is capped at 21 million $ZEC, and about 17 million are in circulation.
Why Did Wilcox Leave ECC?
Wilcox stepped down in December 2023, and Josh Swihart replaced him. Wilcox wrote that tying Zcash to him personally was not healthy for him or for the project. $ZEC was worth about $28.50 at the time.
In December 2025, he became a strategic advisor to Cypherpunk Technologies, a Nasdaq-listed company that holds $ZEC in its treasury.
What Is Wilcox Working on Now?
His recent work at Shielded Labs centers on network security.
Epoch And HashSmash
On October 1, Shielded Labs announced Epoch, a project to build post-quantum cryptography for Zcash. That is cryptography designed to resist attacks from quantum computers. Cryptographer Ulrich Haböck leads the team with Luke Edwards and Suyash Bagad. The target is a production-ready version by the end of 2027.
On October 5, Shielded Labs and Eigen Labs launched HashSmash. The open competition points AI agents at four hash functions: SHA-256, SHA-3, BLAKE3, and Poseidon. “AI’s rapid advance could threaten the cryptographic foundations of digital security,” Wilcox said.
The Orchard Bug And Retroactive Grants
On May 29, 2026, researcher Taylor Hornby found a counterfeiting flaw in Orchard, a Zcash shielded pool, during an AI-assisted audit funded by Shielded Labs. The flaw dated to May 2022. An emergency upgrade, NU6.2, fixed it on June 3. No exploit has been confirmed, but Orchard’s privacy design means that cannot be proven with cryptography alone.
On October 1, Wilcox said Zcash paid more than $8 million in retroactive grants, partly to people who responded to the bug. A Cryptonews.net report put the total at $8.4 million. Coinholders voted privately and funded 17 of 37 proposals. Wilcox called the system “capture-resistant.” The same report noted that this is his reading of the vote, not a measured result.
What Does Wilcox Want Zcash To Become?
Wilcox joined Shielded Labs as head of product in August 2024 with one main goal: change how Zcash reaches consensus. After eight years of proof-of-work mining, he said the network needed an upgrade. The plan is called Crosslink. It combines proof-of-work with proof-of-stake, a system where holders lock up coins to help secure the network.
Crosslink is meant to:
- Let holders stake $ZEC
- Protect against rollback attacks, where confirmed transactions get reversed
- Cut transaction times
- Make cross-chain bridges safer
“We want to deploy this as fast as possible while maintaining Zcash’s track record of excellent safety,” Wilcox said. Shielded Labs began testing Crosslink on incentivized feature nets in April 2026.
He also argues that the case for private money is getting stronger. On the Bankless podcast in January 2026, he described Zcash as “encrypted Bitcoin”: the same 21 million cap, with privacy added through zero-knowledge proofs. He said AI can now read patterns in public transaction data, which puts privacy “back on the critical path.” His advice to builders was to “start from the user, not from the technology.”
Conclusion
Wilcox went from DigiCash in 1996 to launching Zcash in 2016. He no longer runs ECC, but he still shapes Zcash security work through Shielded Labs. His current projects cover post-quantum cryptography, AI-driven hash testing, and coinholder-voted grants.
- Wikipedia: Zooko Wilcox-O’Hearn
- Z.Cash: Who created Zcash?
- Report by Blockworks: Zcash founder Zooko Wilcox steps down as CEO of Electric Coin Co.
- Report by Decrypt: Zcash Founder Zooko Wilcox Joins $ZEC Treasury Firm as Privacy Coin Surges
- Phemex Academy: Who Is Zooko Wilcox, the Zcash Founder
- Shielded Labs Blog: Epoch: Future-Proof Cryptography for Zcash
- Report by The Crypto Times: Shielded Labs Launches Epoch to Develop Post-Quantum Cryptography for Zcash
- PR Newswire: Eigen Labs and Shielded Labs launch HashSmash
- BlockSec: Zcash Orchard Soundness Bug Analysis
- Report by Blockhead: Claude AI Finds Critical Vulnerability in Zcash
- Report by Cryptonews.net: Zcash price holds $1,400 as holders approve $8.4M grants
- Zooko on X: Post on October 1
- Shielded Labs Blog: Ironwood: Verifying the Soundness of Zcash’s Circulating Supply
- Report by CoinCentral: Zcash Passes Anthropic AI Audit After Orchard Bug as $ZEC Price Recovers
- Report by FinanceFeeds: Zcash NU7 Hits Testnet: 25-Second Blocks, 5 Nov Target
- Bankless: Zcash Founder on Privacy, AI, and How $ZEC is ‘Encrypted Bitcoin’
- Shielded Labs Blog: Crosslink: Incentivized Feature Nets
