Developers in the Crosshairs
Lummis made her case via a statement shared on June 22, singling out the legal exposure faced by the people who write code for decentralized finance ( DeFi) tools, wallets and other onchain services. She has repeatedly argued that the absence of clear rules leaves engineers guessing whether routine work could later be treated as a crime, a fear that has lingered over the industry since a wave of enforcement actions in prior years. She added:
“Software developers should not need an army of lawyers to know if their code is legal. The Clarity Act ends that absurdity.”
The Digital Asset Market Clarity Act, known as the CLARITY Act, would split oversight of digital assets between the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and set out when a token should be treated as a security or a commodity.
It also carries language to shield developers and infrastructure providers who never take custody of customer funds from being classified as money transmitters, a designation that carries heavy licensing and surveillance obligations.
A Bill Months in the Making
The legislation has been advancing in stages, with the House passing its version in July 2025 by a 294-134 margin, and on May 14, 2026, the Senate Banking Committee advanced an amended bill in a bipartisan 15-9 vote. The measure has since been placed on the Senate calendar, making it formally eligible for floor consideration.
Not everyone is convinced, though, and Senator Elizabeth Warren has routinely opposed the bill during the committee markup, offering 44 amendments, none of which passed, and warning that the framework could blow up the economy. Lummis, by contrast, has cast the stakes in national terms, cautioning that inaction could cede digital-asset leadership to China and Europe.
The senator has also put a clock on it, warning that missing the current window could push comprehensive crypto legislation to 2030. She has said customers may lack guaranteed rights to their holdings if a digital-asset exchange goes bankrupt, leaving them stuck in creditor proceedings rather than recovering their assets directly.
Industry and National Security Support
Outside Congress, the bill has drawn an unusually broad coalition. A group of 160 national security, intelligence and law enforcement veterans signed a letter to Senate leaders backing the measure, while more than 1,200 tech companies pressed the Senate to pass it quickly. Ripple Chief Executive Brad Garlinghouse has thrown the company’s weight behind the bill, saying “this is the moment” for U.S. crypto rules.
Supporters argue that regulatory certainty would keep developers and startups onshore rather than pushing them toward jurisdictions with clearer frameworks, such as the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regime. Without it, they say, the U.S. risks exporting its most promising builders along with the jobs and tax revenue they generate.
The next hurdle is a full Senate vote, where the bill must clear the 60-vote filibuster threshold before any reconciliation with the House version and a signature from President Donald Trump. With the legislative calendar tightening, Lummis and her allies are betting that the prospect of renewed prosecutions and the risk of falling behind global rivals will be enough to move undecided senators. For developers watching from the sidelines, the outcome will determine whether writing code remains a legal gray area or finally gets a clear rulebook.
