Viva Republica, the operator of South Korea’s largest fintech platform Toss, wants to both issue and distribute stablecoins. The declaration adds another heavyweight to a rapidly forming corporate lineup positioning for the country’s imminent stablecoin framework.
The move comes as South Korea’s biggest tech and financial companies race to position themselves ahead of landmark stablecoin legislation, even as a string of operational failures — including a costly glitch at Toss itself — tests whether ambition is outpacing execution.
Upgrading the Rails, Not Adding a Product
Seo Chang-hoon, Managing Director at Viva Republica, announced at the 2026 Blockchain Meetup Conference (BCMC) in Seoul on March 12. Speaking under the theme “Money 3.0: The Next Era Toss Opens,” Seo framed stablecoins not as a new business line but as an infrastructure upgrade to the company’s existing financial rails.
“Toss wants to pursue both stablecoin distribution and issuance,” Seo said. “We see network infrastructure as a foundational element for this.”
The business logic mirrors Toss’s origin story. The company built its dominance through fee-free remittances, disrupting banks. Stablecoins offer the same playbook at a larger scale — swapping intermediaries for on-chain rails while adding revenue from issuance and cross-border payments.
Toss claims 30 million users and holds integrated licenses spanning banking, securities, and payments. Its banking arm plans to deploy roughly 500,000 payment terminals by late 2026 and 700,000 by 2027, extending stablecoin-based settlement into offline retail.
A Crowded Starting Line
Toss is not alone. Last week, Coupang Pay, the fintech arm of NYSE-listed e-commerce giant Coupang, posted legal job listings with stablecoin issuance as a core responsibility. Coupang, which recorded approximately $33 billion in revenue last year, could save up to $200 million annually through stablecoin adoption by cutting card fees and cross-border remittance costs.
Kakao, whose messaging app reaches over 95% of South Korea’s population, has been preparing a KRW stablecoin on the Kaia blockchain. Major banks, including KB Kookmin, Shinhan, and Hana, are running stablecoin settlement pilots. Global players such as Circle and Tether have filed Korean trademarks in anticipation of market entry.
The legislative backdrop is the Digital Asset Basic Act, which would establish Korea’s first dedicated stablecoin framework. The ruling Democratic Party’s Digital Asset Task Force aims to introduce the bill this month, but consultations with the Financial Services Commission have been postponed indefinitely as the war in Iran dominates the policy agenda. A key unresolved question is the exchange ownership caps — the current draft sets a 20% ceiling for individual shareholders, with a 34% exception for corporate holders — and whether the Bank of Korea’s push for 51% bank control over stablecoin issuers will survive in the final text.
Trust Deficits Cloud the Race
The ambitions arrive at a difficult moment for trust in Korean tech and financial platforms.
On March 10 — just two days before the BCMC presentation — Toss Bank’s app displayed the Japanese yen exchange rate at roughly half its actual value for seven minutes. The glitch triggered approximately $19.4 million in trades, resulting in an estimated $6.9 million loss for Toss Bank. An auto-exchange feature amplified the damage. South Korea’s Financial Supervisory Service launched an on-site inspection.
The timing is particularly awkward given that Toss is preparing a potential Nasdaq listing. Investment banking sources told local media that the incident forces a reassessment of the company’s technical reliability — a concern that runs directly counter to its pitch as the trusted platform for next-generation financial infrastructure.
Coupang, too, carries operational baggage. A data breach disclosed in late 2025 exposed personal information of 33.7 million users — nearly two-thirds of South Korea’s population. The incident led to the CEO’s resignation, a $1.17 billion compensation plan, police raids, and ongoing regulatory investigations. The company is now building a legal team for stablecoins while still managing the fallout.
Korea’s crypto-native operators have faced their own credibility challenges. The Upbit hack in 2025 and Bithumb’s ledger error involving excess Bitcoin disbursements have contributed to a broader erosion of confidence in domestic digital asset operators.
For Toss, the gap between vision and execution is now the central question. If a seven-minute foreign exchange glitch can cause billions of won in losses, the stakes for stablecoin infrastructure — which demands even higher operational standards — are considerably greater.
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