On-chain revenue has grown to $20 billion in 2025, driven mainly by decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, according to a new report by crypto investment firm 1kx.
Users paid roughly $9.7 billion in on-chain fees in the first half of 2025, up 41% from the same period last year and the highest H1 total on record. DeFi accounted for 63% of all fees, led by trading activity on decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and derivatives platforms.
Onchain Fees
Despite this growth, 2021 remains the historical peak, though on-chain fees have grown more than tenfold since 2020, representing a compound annual growth rate of roughly 60%.
The report cites blockchain technology as becoming more stable and reliable, helping earnings remain steady even as user fees are lower than in the past. Better efficiency and cheaper infrastructure are also helping drive overall revenue growth.
“On-chain fees, though still a minority of industry income, offer clear signals of adoption and long-term value creation: 2025 YtD has close to 400 protocols with $1M+ ARR, and 20 passing over $10M in value to their token holders,” the report reads. “This is enabled by blockchain’s global reach and rising efficiency, which allow applications to scale rapidly and profitably.”
DEXs like Raydium and Meteora benefited significantly from Solana’s surge this year, while Uniswap lost market share, dropping from 44% to 16%. In derivatives, Jupiter increased its fee share from 5% to 45%, and Hyperliquid, launched less than a year ago, now accounts for 35% of category fees.
Lending remains dominated by Aave, the largest DeFi protocol with a total value locked (TVL) of $39 billion. Meanwhile, Morpho, a lending aggregator with a TVL of $8.25 billion, increased its share to 10% from nearly zero in H1 2024.
Looking ahead, total on-chain revenue is expected to rise to more than $27 billion in 2026, the authors predict, driven by new technologies and clearer regulations like the GENIUS Act.
“Applications are scaling faster and larger than ever with increasing value distribution, while regulatory clarity supports broader investor participation,” the report concludes. “As the relationship of fees and valuations for applications shows, on-chain economics have entered a more mature phase where fundamental fee metrics warrant close attention from investors.”
